The Use of Quotations

Quotations are requested when the size of the requisition or proposed commitment exceeds a minimum dollar amount stipulated usually by policy in the organization of the bidder: for example, $500.00. This rule may not apply in Governmental purchases as they are required by law to perform and award a RFQ to the lowest responsible bidder. In some Industries, proposals may be requested with the intention of selecting a firm to negotiate or settle final prices with.

Depending on your organization, after a RFQ

RFP – What is it?

Request for Proposal – RFP:

What is a RFP and how and when should a procurement professional utilize it. A Request for Proposal (RFP) is an invitation to Vendors to submit a written offer to supply services or a solution to a requirement.

So, you have an internal need or requirement and there is nobody qualified in the organization to manage the requirement or possibly resolve it. You need to outsource the job and now might be when your employer requests you issue a RFP.

The RFP is then written to illicit positive feedback, therefore, needs to be designed professionally and must clearly identify the actual work you are hoping to farm out and the expectations.

More specifically, it is written to ensure suppliers don’t assume the entire risk. In manufacturing, this might mean the buffering of raw materials and finished goods to meet the final demand for goods. In a services type RFP, it should ensure the consultant has a clear indication of the amount of time and or resources he or she is expected to put into the project.

A RFP is different than a Request for Quote (RFQ). With a RFQ the Vendor can be certain as to the supply risk. For example, like having enough capacity to ensure supplies and goods at the right quantity, quality, time, and cost. We need 12 pairs of leather gloves and here is the part number. This RFQ is straight forward and comparing costs are for the most part simple. A RFP is not necessarily so cut and dry and quite often asks the Vendor to propose a solution.

Okay let us get back to writing the RFP. The Buyer will need the Vendor to define the specific monetary and/or service obligations which make up the offer. It is the Purchasing departments job to make the RFP available to several suppliers to respond with a competitive proposal or a solution to your request.

What to include – the Request for Proposal should include a short but detailed description or specification of the products or services which are required. This can also be identified as scope. As with many business writing efforts, an effective request for proposal will begin by declaring the purpose for the document. Even the most casual of formats for a RFP will incorporate details of this nature. In comparison, a highly structured format informs the applicant precisely how to arrange data in a manner that is certain to have significance to the issuing business. So, it is vital to be clear on the scope of work and try not to cloud the document with legal terminology. In other words, leave all the legal terms to the end of the document as this might deter recipients or quality vendors from offering. The higher the risk the more terms and conditions might be required but again not all RFP’s warrant forty pages of legal requirements.

Purchasing Glossary or Buzzwords

RFQ – RFP Glossary Buzzwords

Ever wonder what some of the terms used by Materials Managers and Purchasing Agents mean? Terms like RFQ, FOB, DNR , or a RFP, Vendor, Standing Order Agreement.  Although, these acronyms / terms are used frequently and recognized in the field, it is always a good idea to add them in their full context at least once or define the term on your definitions page to ensure there is no misunderstandings.  Here are a few terms commonly used in the Materials Management or procurement field:

RFQ – Request for Quote or Quotation
RFP – Request for Proposal
ITQ – Invitation to Quote
RFI – Request for Information
EOI – Expression of Interest
IFB – Invitation for Bids
ITT – Invitation to Tender
RFB – Request for Bid
LOI – Letter of Intent
LOU – Letter of Understanding
FOB – Free on Board

UTQ – Unable to Quote
DNR – Do not reorder
UTS – Unable to Supply

Standing Order – A standing order is an open ended purchase order or in essence open ended contract which grants authorization to make regular periodic shipments of a specified product. Usually an annual agreement.

Supplier – A provider of goods and services that typically bills on an invoice and has regular transactions with the Owner or Buyer.

Vendor – Another Name for a Supplier.

Compliance

  • Ensuring suppliers perform their obligations and supply goods in accordance with contracts or that services are performed as prescribed by site safety rules and regulation and certain federal, state or provincial laws.

Sample of a compliance clause in a supply agreement:

  • The goods called for in this agreement shall comply with all applicable codes, standards and/or both regulations of the governing inspection authorities at the place of use.  The Vendor shall acquire and keep in force all required permits and certificates of approval.   The Vendor shall comply with all provisions of law governing its performance under this agreement including, without limitation, Safety and Reclamation Codes,  all dangerous goods legislation and all workplace hazardous materials legislation and regulations governing the design, safety, handling, packaging, labeling, transport and the use of goods.

Due Diligence

  • Due diligence in a broad sense refers to the level of judgement, care, prudence, determination, and activity that a person would reasonably be expected to do under particular circumstances.

Force Majeure (sample clause)

  • No party hereto shall be liable for any delays in the performance of their obligation hereunder (excluding financial obligations) if any such delay or failure is due to acts of God, war, riot, sabotage, strikes, lockouts, or differences with workers, accidents, lack of water, power, gas, materials, any and all government laws or regulations, or any disabling cause beyond the reasonable control, and without the negligence of, the party invoking this clause.

Notice to the other party of any event of force majeure stating the date of the commencement thereof shall be promptly given and shall immediately be followed by a notice setting for the particulars of the event of force majeure and the expected delay.  The party so affected shall take all reasonable steps to remove the force majeure conditions and to resume, with the least possible delay, compliance with its obligations under this agreement, and shall promptly advise the other party of the date when the force majeure is ended.

Assignment (sample clause)

  • The Vendor may not assign or sublet any of its rights or obligations under the Agreement without the prior written consent of the Owner,  which consent may be arbitrarily withheld.

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